izindaba

Isakhiwo Sokuthwala I-Crankshaft, Ukulingana, kanye Nezindlela Zokusekela

 

I. Izidingo Zomsebenzi Nokusetshenziswa kwe-Ama-Crankshaft Bearings

Ama-bearings e-crankshaft afaka phakathi ama-bearings enduku yokuxhuma kanye nama-bearings amakhulu. Umsebenzi wawo ukuvikela ama-jenali nama-bearings bores, ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana kanye nokuguguleka. Aguqula amandla egesi adluliselwa kusuka ku-piston-connecting rod assembly abe yi-torque yokukhipha kwangaphandle. Asetshenziswa futhi ukushayela isitimela se-valve senjini kanye namanye amadivayisi ahlukahlukene asizayo.

 

Izidingo Zokusebenzisa: Zonke zimelana nemithwalo eshintshanayo kanye nokungqubuzana okusheshayo; ngakho-ke, izinto zokuthwala kumele zibe namandla anele okukhathala, ukungqubuzana okuphansi, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

 

II. Isakhiwo seAma-Crankshaft Bearings

 

Zombili izinti zokuxhumanisa kanye nama-bearings amakhulu aqukethe amagobolondo okuthwala aphezulu naphansi ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Igobolondo ngalinye lokuthwala lakhiwe ngesisekelo sensimbi kanye nesendlalelo se-anti-friction alloy, noma isisekelo sensimbi, isendlalelo se-anti-friction alloy, kanye nesendlalelo esithambile sokufaka. Eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi igobolondo lokuthwala elinezingqimba ezimbili, kanti eyesibili ibizwa ngokuthi igobolondo lokuthwala elinezingqimba ezintathu.

 

1. Isendlalelo Sensimbi kanye Nesendlalelo Sokulwa Nokungqubuzana

Isisekelo sensimbi siyisisekelo segobolondo lokuthwala, esenziwe ngensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni engu-1-3mm ubukhulu. Ingqimba yokulwa nokungqubuzana iyi-alloy yokulwa nokungqubuzana engu-0.3 ~ 0.7mm ubukhulu, ethambile futhi engavikela ijenali.

 

Izinto zokwendlalela ezilwa nokungqubuzana:

 

(1) Ingxube emhlophe (ingxube yeBabbitt): Ukusebenza okuhle kokulwa nokungqubuzana, kodwa amandla aphansi okusebenza kanye nokumelana nokushisa okubi. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinjinini zikaphethiloli ezinemithwalo ephansi.

 

(2) Ingxubevange ye-Copper-lead: Amandla aphezulu okusebenza, amandla aphezulu okuthwala umthwalo, kanye nokumelana okuhle nokushisa. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinjinini zedizili ezinemithwalo eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwayo kokulwa nokungqubuzana kubi.

 

(3) Ingxubevange esekelwe ku-aluminium: Kunezinhlobo ezintathu: ingxubevange ye-aluminium-antimony-magnesium, ingxubevange ye-aluminium enethini eliphansi, kanye nengxubevange ye-aluminium enethini eliphezulu. Ezokuqala ezimbili zinezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini kanye nomthamo oqinile wokuthwala umthwalo, kodwa ukusebenza okungekuhle kokulwa nokungqubuzana. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinjinini zedizili; le yokugcina inezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini kanye nokusebenza kokulwa nokungqubuzana, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinjinini zedizili kanye nephethiloli.

 

2. Ukubeka ukhiye kanye nomsele wamafutha

 

I-bearing rod bearing inokhiye wokubeka, osetshenziselwa ukufaka emseleni wokubeka we-big end yentonga yokuxhuma kanye ne-connecting rod cap ngesikhathi sokufakwa ukuvimbela i-bearing ukuthi ingahambi emuva naphambili noma ijikeleze. I-bearing bush inemigodi yamafutha kanye ne-oil grooves, okufanele ihambisane nemigodi yamafutha ehambisanayo ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

 

III.Ukuthwala i-CrankshaftAmandla Akhululekile Nokuphazamiseka Okufanelekile

 

1. Amandla Akhululekile: Irediyasi yokugoba kwesihlahla esithwalayo esimweni sayo esikhululekile inkulu kancane kunerediyasi yesihlalo esithwalayo. Umehluko ngobubanzi ubizwa ngokuthi amandla akhululekile noma ukuvulwa. Ezinjinini zikaphethiloli, ngokuvamile kuba ngu-0.8~1.5mm, kanti ezinjinini zikadizili, kuba ngu-1.5~2.5mm.

 

2. Ukulingana Kokuphazamiseka: Ngenxa yokuthi ububanzi bangaphandle besihlahla sokuthwala bukhulu kancane kunobubanzi besihlalo sokuthwala, kwakheka ukulingana okuthile kokuphazamiseka ngemva kokuba amabhawodi enduku yokuxhuma eqinisiwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlahla sokuthwala asijikelezi, asishintshi, noma sidlidlize ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okuvumela ukulingana okuqinile phakathi kwesihlahla sokuthwala kanye nesihlalo sokuthwala ukuze kube lula ukushabalalisa ukushisa. I-bearing overhang ngokuvamile ingu-0.04 ~ 0.09mm.

 

Ukuhlolwa: Ngemva kokufaka i-bearing esihlalweni se-bearing, qinisa ama-bolts kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ku-torque echazwe umenzi. Bese, khulula ngokuphelele i-bolt ohlangothini olulodwa bese usebenzisa i-feeler gauge ukuhlola isikhala phakathi kwesihlalo se-bearing bearing kanye ne-bearing bore. Lesi sikhala siyi-bearing overhang. IV. I-Crankshaft Thrust Bearing

 

Umsebenzi we-Crankshaft Thrust Bearing: Uma imoto inyakaza, i-clutch pedal ifaka i-axial thrust ku-crankshaft, okubangela ukunyakaza kwe-axial. Ukunyakaza kwe-axial okweqile kuzothinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-piston connecting rod assembly futhi kuphazamise isikhathi esifanele se-valve kanye nesikhathi sokujova injini yedizili. Kudingeka ama-thrust bearing ukuqinisekisa indawo ye-axial ye-crankshaft.

 

Ama-Thrust bearings angafakwa endaweni eyodwa kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-crankshaft inganwebeka ngokukhululekile uma ishiswa. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka:

 

1. Igobolondo lokuthwala eligoqekile

 

2. Ama-washer ashukumisayo acishe abe yindilinga

 

3. Amawashi ajikelezayo

 

Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Ukufakwa: Uhlangothi lwe-thrust washer olunesendlalelo sokulwa nokushayisana (uhlangothi olune-oyela groove) lubheke izingxenye ezijikelezayo. Lapho i-crankshaft iqhubekela phambili, i-back thrust washer ithwala i-axial thrust; uma ibuyela emuva, i-front thrust washer ithwala i-axial thrust.

 

Ukulungiswa Kokuhlanzwa Kwe-Axial: Faka ama-washer ashubile anobukhulu obuhlukene, noma ushintshe ubukhulu bama-washer ashubile. (Indinganiso ngokuvamile ingu-0.07 ~ 0.17mm, enomkhawulo ovumelekile ongu-0.25mm).

 

V. Izindlela Zokusekela I-Crankshaft

I-crankshaft ene-journal eyinhloko phakathi kwe-crankshaft ngayinye emibili eseduze ibizwa ngokuthi i-crankshaft esekelwa ngokugcwele; ngaphandle kwalokho, ibizwa ngokuthi i-crankshaft esekelwa kancane.

 

1. I-Crankshaft Esekelwa Ngokugcwele:

 

Izinzuzo: Kwandisa ukuqina kwe-crankshaft kanye namandla okugoba; kunciphisa umthwalo kuma-bearings amakhulu.

 

Okubi: Kwandisa inani lezindawo ezifakwe umshini ku-crankshaft, kwandisa inani lama-bearings amakhulu, futhi kwandisa ibhlogo lenjini.

 

Izicelo: Zisetshenziswa kabanzi; izinjini zedizili ngokuvamile zisebenzisa le ndlela yokusekela.

 

2. I-Crankshaft Esekelwe Ngokungaphelele:

 

Izinzuzo: Kufinyeza ubude be-crankshaft, kunciphisa ubude benjini iyonke.

 

Okubi: Kudinga umthwalo ophezulu kuma-bearings amakhulu.

 

Izicelo: Izinjini zikaphethiloli ezinezidingo zomthwalo ophansi zingasebenzisa le ndlela.