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Izitayela Zokuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Zokuthwala Ezigoqekayo

 

In ukuthwala okugoqekayoukukhiqiza, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo zinquma ngqo isikhathi sokuphila kwebhereyi, ukuthembeka, kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo. Njengamanje, izingxenye zebhereyi zisakhiwa kakhulu ngensimbi ethwala i-chromium enekhabhoni ephezulu, njenge-GCr15 evamile kanye ne-GCr15SiMn. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa kwemishini okuya ngesivinini esiphezulu, imithwalo esindayo, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, kanye nezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinto zebhereyi nazo ziyathuthukiswa njalo, ikakhulukazi zibonisa iziqondiso zokuthuthukiswa ezilandelayo:

 

1. Insimbi Ethwala Ukuqina Okuphezulu

 

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezingxenye ezinkulu nezinodonga olujiyile, imboni iye yathuthukisa kancane kancane izinsimbi ezithwala ukuqina okuphezulu, njenge-GCr15SiMo kanye ne-GCr18Mo. Lezi zinto zingathola isakhiwo esiqinile esifanayo ngobukhulu obukhulu obunqamula izingxenye, zithuthukise amandla aphelele kanye nokuphila kokukhathala kwezingxenye, futhi zifanelekela ama-bearing amakhulu kanye nemishini enzima.

 

2. Insimbi Eqinisiwe Engaphezulu

 

Insimbi eqinile ebusweni be-GCr4 ivame ukusetshenziswa emishinini enzima njengezimoto zesitimela kanye nemishini yokugoqa. Ngokusebenzisa ukushisa okuphakathi nokupholisa okusheshayo, ungqimba oluqinile lokujula okuthile lungakhiwa ebusweni bezingxenye, okwenza ibhere libe nobulukhuni obuphezulu bendawo kanye nokuqina okuphezulu kwengaphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokukhathala kanye nokumelana nomthelela.

 

3. Izinhlobo Ezintsha Zensimbi Engagqwali Ethwala Insimbi

Izinsimbi zendabuko ezingagqwali njenge-9Cr18 kanye ne-9Cr18Mo (440C) zinokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, kodwa zithambekele ekwakheni ama-carbide amabi, okuthinta impilo yokukhathala kanye nekhwalithi yobuso. Insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic engu-0.7C-13Cr eyathuthukiswa eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe yi-carbon kanye ne-chromium kanye nokunciphisa ama-carbide e-eutectic, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokukhathala kokuxhumana, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwama-bearings. Ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-bearings angenawo ukugqwala ngokunemba, njengama-bearings e-hard drive kanye nama-bearings emishini yezokwelapha.

 

4. Insimbi Yengxubevange Enamandla Aphezulu

 

Izinsimbi ezithwala uchungechunge lwe-GT, ngokwakhiwa kwe-alloy okulungiselelwe, zithuthukisa amandla e-matrix kanye nokuqina futhi zithuthukise ukuzinza kokushisa. Zifanelekela imiklamo yezinsimbi ezisindayo noma ezilula, zinempilo enhle yesevisi ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthambisa ezihlanzekile.

 

5. Insimbi Ethwala Insimbi Emelana Nokungcola

 

Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, uthuli noma izinhlayiya zokuguguleka ku-oyili yokugcoba zingakha ukugoba ebusweni be-bearing, okuholela ekugxileni kokucindezeleka kanye nokukhathala ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, iJapane ithuthukise uchungechunge lwe-TF lwezinsimbi ze-bearing ezingangenisi ukungcola (njenge-TF, i-HTF, i-STF, i-NTF, njll.).

 

Ngokwenza ngcono okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kanye nezilinganiso ze-alloy element, izinto zokwakha zakha ama-carbide amahle kakhulu futhi zandisa i-austenite egciniwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukugxilisa ingqondo emaphethelweni okugoba. Okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo kubonisa ukuthi ama-bearings enziwe ngezinsimbi ze-TF series angaba nesikhathi sokuphila isikhathi eside ngokuphindwe ka-4-10 ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthambisa ezingcolisiwe.

 

6. Insimbi Ethwala Izinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu

Uma kusetshenziswa ama-bearings ajwayelekile e-GCr15 ezindaweni ezisukela ku-100℃ kuya ku-200℃, "indawo emhlophe ekhanyayo" enobunzima obuphansi yakheka kalula kungqimba olungaphansi komhlaba wezinto, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa impilo yokuthwala. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kuthuthukiswe izinsimbi zokuthwala ezinokushisa okuphezulu ezifana ne-NTJ2 kanye ne-KUJ7. Ngokwandisa ngokufanele okuqukethwe kwezinto ezifana ne-Cr, i-Si, kanye ne-Mo, ukwakheka kwezindawo ezimhlophe ezikhanyayo kuyacindezelwa, okuvumela ama-bearings ukuthi alondoloze impilo enhle kanye nokuqina kobukhulu ngisho naku-150℃.～180℃. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezinjinini zezimoto, kumajeneretha, kanye nasemishinini esebenza ngokushisa.

 

7. Insimbi Ethwala Izinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu

Ezimweni zokusebenza ezishisa kakhulu nezisheshayo njengezindiza, izinto zendabuko azanele. Izinsimbi zokuqala ezithwala ukushisa okuphezulu njenge-T1, T2, T10, kanye ne-M50, ngenkathi zinobunzima obuphezulu bokushisa okuphezulu, zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloy element kanye nezindleko eziphezulu.

 

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iYurophu ne-United States bathuthukise isizukulwane esisha sezinsimbi ze-carburizing ezishisa kakhulu, njenge-M50NiL, i-CBS1000, kanye ne-RBD. Phakathi kwazo, i-M50NiL iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngemva kwe-carburizing, ama-carbide amahle akheka phezu komhlaba, akhiqize ukucindezeleka okusele kokucindezela. Ukuqina kwayo okuyinhloko kungafinyelela izikhathi ezingu-2.5 kunokwe-M50, okuholela empilweni yokukhathala ephezulu. Njengamanje, isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yemishini ephezulu njenge-aero-engine main shaft bearing. Sekukonke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokuthwala ezigoqekayo kuqhubekela phambili njalo emandleni aphezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukumelana nokungcola, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ngokuthuthuka kwezindiza, imishini yamandla amasha, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinga eliphezulu, ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuthwala ezintsha kuzoqhubeka nokujula, kunikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuthwala.