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Imfihlo Yekhwalithi Yensimbi Ethwalayo: Izinkomba Zokusebenza Eziyinhloko kanye Neziphambeko Ezijwayelekile

 

Njengengxenye ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zemishini, ukusebenza kanye nokuphila kokugoqaamabheringikuncike kakhulu ekhwalithini yensimbi ethwalayo eyenziwe ngayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu kanye nesivinini esikhulu, kufakwa izidingo zobuchwepheshe eziqinile kakhulu ensimbini.

 

I. Izidingo Zokusebenza Eziyinhloko ze-UkuthwalaInsimbi

 

Ukuhlanzeka Okuphezulu Nokuqukethwe Okuphansi Kokungcola

 

Ukufakwa okungeyona insimbi ensimbini (njenge-oxides nama-sulfide) kuyimbangela yokuqhekeka kokukhathala. Ngakho-ke, izinsimbi zokuthwala zanamuhla ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinqubo zokucwenga njengokususa igesi nge-vacuum kanye nokuncibilikisa i-electroslag ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur, i-phosphorus, kanye negesi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukufana kwezinto kanye namandla okukhathala.

 

Ukulawulwa Okunembile Kokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

 

OkujwayelekileibhereInsimbi ngokuyinhloko iyinsimbi ye-chromium enekhabhoni ephezulu (njenge-GCr15). Okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni kumele kuzinziswe phakathi kuka-0.95% no-1.05%, kanti okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-chromium kumele kulawulwe phakathi kuka-1.30% no-1.65%. Ukulinganisa okunembile kuqinisekisa i-matrix ye-martensitic enobunzima obuphezulu kanye nama-carbide amahle asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngemva kokucima, okunikeza impahla ukuguguleka okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nokucindezela.

 

Ukulingana Kwesakhiwo Esincane kanye Namazinga Aphansi Okukhubazeka

 

Isakhiwo esincane kumele singabi nokuhlukaniswa okusobala kwebhande, isakhiwo se-Widmanstätten, noma ama-carbide enethiwekhi. Isakhiwo esincane esicinyiwe nesithambile esifanelekile yi-cryptocrystalline martensite + ama-carbide ahlakazekile kahle + inani elifanele le-austenite egciniwe ukuqinisekisa izakhiwo eziphelele zemishini.

 

Ukunemba Okuqinile Kobuso Nobukhulu

 

Ubuso bensimbi kumele bungabi namaphutha njengemifantu, ukugoba, kanye nezibazi, futhi ukujula kwesendlalelo esikhishwe i-carburizing kumele kube ngaphakathi kobubanzi obubekiwe (ngokuvamile ≤0.20mm). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubekezelelana kobukhulu kanye nokunemba komumo kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula okulandelayo kanye nokukhiqiza.

 

II. Amaphutha Avamile Ensimbi Nemiphumela Yawo: Ukufakwa Okungasi Kwensimbi Okudlulele

 

Izinto ezinkulu neziqhekekile (njenge-Al₂O₃) zingadala kalula ukwanda kwe-microcrack ezindaweni ezigxile ekucindezelekeni, okunciphisa kakhulu impilo yokukhathala kokuthintana.

 

Ukwakheka kwe-carbide engalingani: Ukuphonswa noma ukucubungula ukushisa okungalungile kungaholela ekuqongeleleni kwama-carbide kuma-band noma kumanethiwekhi, kwenze buthaka amandla omngcele wokusanhlamvu futhi kwandise ingozi yokuphuka okuqhekeka.

 

Amaphutha angaphezulu: Imifantu kanye nokugoba okudalwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoqa, uma kungasuswa ngokushesha, kungasakazeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, okwenza umsebenzi ulahlwe.

 

Ukususwa kwekhabhoni okujulile ngokweqile: Ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphezulu kuholela ekuqineni okunganele kokucima kanye nokunciphisa ukumelana nokuguguleka, okuthinta ukunemba kwamabhere kanye nokuphila kwawo.

 

Ngamafuphi, ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi ethwala izinsimbi esezingeni eliphezulu kuwumphumela wokuhlanganiswa okuhlangene kwezinqubo zensimbi, isayensi yezinto zokwakha, kanye nokukhiqizwa kokunemba. Kusukela ekulawuleni ubumsulwa bensimbi emthonjeni kuya ekuqapheni ukuvela kwesakhiwo kuyo yonke inqubo, isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile ekuthembekeni komkhiqizo wokugcina. Esikhathini esizayo, njengoba imishini ephezulu iqhubeka nokudinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kusuka kuma-bearings, izinto ezintsha ezifana nensimbi ehlanzekile kakhulu kanye nensimbi ethwala izinsimbi ezishisa kakhulu zizoqhubeka nokuqhuba intuthuko embonini.