Umgomo wokusebenza kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwama-magnetic bearings

 

Ukuthwala kukazibutheIzinhlelo zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ngokwemigomo yazo yokusebenza: I-Active Magnetic Bearing, i-Passive Magnetic Bearing, kanye ne-Hybrid Magnetic Bearing.

 

Ukuthwala okunamandla okusebenzayo

 

Ama-magnetic bearings asebenzayo asebenzisa amandla kagesi alawulwayo ukuze ahambise i-rotary shaft, eyakhiwa kakhulu ama-rotor, ama-solenoid, ama-sensor, ama-controller, nama-power amplifiers. Ama-solenoid afakwe ku-stator elenga ensimini yamagnetic ekhiqizwa ama-electromagnets abekwe ku-radial symmetry, ngalinye lawo lifakwe i-sensor eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze liqaphe njalo izinguquko endaweni ye-shaft. Ukuphuma kwesignali okuvela ku-sensor, ngosizo lohlelo lokulawula lwe-elekthronikhi, kulungisa ugesi nge-electromagnet, ukuze kulawulwe ukukhanga kwe-electromagnet, ukuze i-rotary shaft igijime esimweni esizinzile nesilinganiselayo, futhi ifeze izidingo ezithile zokunemba.

 

Ama-active magnetic bearings angahlukaniswa abe yi-current control kanye ne-voltage control ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokulawula, futhi angahlukaniswa abe yi-radial magnetic bearings kanye ne-axial magnetic bearings ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokusekela. Njengamanje, phakathi kwama-active magnetic bearings, esetshenziswa kakhulu yi-DC controlled magnetic bearing.

 

Ingxenye yomshini we-active magnetic bearing ngokuvamile yakhiwa yi-radial bearing kanye ne-axial bearing, kanti i-radial bearing yakhiwa yi-stator (i-electromagnet) kanye ne-rotor; Ama-Axial bearing aqukethe i-stator (i-electromagnet) kanye ne-thrust plate.

 

Ngenxa yokuthi i-active magnetic bearing inezinzuzo zesikhundla se-rotor, ukuqina kwe-bearing kanye ne-damping kunganqunywa uhlelo lokulawula, ibilokhu isetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni we-magnetic levitation, futhi ucwaningo lwe-active magnetic bearing bearing belulokhu lugxile ocwaningweni lobuchwepheshe be-magnetic levitation. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokusebenza kanzima, i-design theory kanye nezindlela zayo sezivuthiwe kakhulu.

 

Ukuthwala okunamandla okungabonakali

 

Njengohlobo lwe-magnetic bearing, i-passive magnetic bearing inezinzuzo zayo ezihlukile, incane ngobukhulu, ayisebenzisi amandla, futhi ilula ngesakhiwo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-passive magnetic bearing nama-active magnetic bearing ukuthi eyokuqala ayinayo uhlelo lokulawula olusebenzayo lwe-elekthronikhi, kodwa isebenzisa izici zensimu yamagnetic ngokwayo ukuze ihambise umgodi ojikelezayo. Njengamanje, ama-passive magnetic bearing asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-permanent magnet bearing akhiwa ama-permanent magnet. Ama-permanent magnet bearing angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lokuxosha kanye nohlobo lokumunca.

 

Ama-magnet bearings angapheli angasetshenziswa njengama-radial bearings kanye nama-thrust bearings (ama-axial bearings), womabili angaba ukumunca noma ukuxosha. Kuye ngokuthi i-magnetization iqondiswa kanjani kanye nendawo ehlobene nendandatho yamagnetic, ama-magnet bearings angapheli anezinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhi zesekethe yamagnetic. Kodwa kunezakhiwo ezimbili eziyisisekelo.

 

Olunye uhlobo lokuthwala kukagesi olungasebenzi lusekelwe emandleni okumunca, asebenza phakathi kwezingxenye zikagesi ezithambile ezifakwe ugesi. Lapho ingxenye ye-rotor ihamba ngemisebe, umphumela wokumunca uvela ekushintsheni kokumelana kukagesi, ngakho-ke ubizwa nangokuthi "ukuthwala kukagesi okunamandla". Lolu hlobo lokuthwala lungaklanywa ngendlela yokuthi ingxenye kagesi ehlala njalo ingajikelezi, futhi ingxenye yensimbi ethambile kuphela ijikeleze, ukuze uhlelo lube nokuzinza okungcono.

 

Ukuhlanganiswa kwemiphumela yokuzinza kwama-bearings okungafuni kanye nama-solenoid asebenzayo kuholela ohlelweni lwe-magnetic bearing olusebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu.

 

Amabheringi kazibuthe e-hybrid

 

Ama-hybrid magnetic bearings akhiwa ngesisekelo sama-active magnetic bearings, ama-passive magnetic bearings kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezisekelayo neziqinisayo - uhlobo lohlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-magnetic bearings. Lucabangela izici eziphelele zama-active magnetic bearings kanye nama-passive magnetic bearings.

 

I-hybrid magnetic bearing iwukusebenzisa insimu yamagnetic ekhiqizwa yimagnet ehlala njalo ukuze ithathe indawo yensimu yamagnetic ye-static bias ye-electromagnet, engakwazi nje ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-power amplifier, kodwa futhi inciphise inani lokujika kwe-ampere ye-electromagnet ngesigamu, inciphise ivolumu ye-magnetic bearing, futhi ithuthukise umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo.

 

Njengoba insimu yamagnetic ehlukanisiwe ikhiqizwa yimagnet ehlala njalo kanti insimu yamagnetic elawulwayo ikhiqizwa yi-electromagnet, ama-magnetic bearings ahlanganisiwe e-hybrid magnetic anezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

 

1) Imagnethi ehlala njalo isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngensimu yamagnetic engaguquki ye-bias, kanti i-electromagnet inikeza kuphela insimu yamagnetic yokulawula ukulinganisela umthwalo noma ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, okungagwema ukulahlekelwa amandla okubangelwa ugesi we-bias wesistimu futhi kunciphise ukushisa kwekhoyili.

 

2) Inani lokujika elidingekayo ku-electromagnet ye-hybrid magnetic bearing lincane kakhulu kunele-active magnetic bearing, okusiza ekunciphiseni ivolumu ye-magnetic bearing kanye nezinto zokonga. Lolu hlobo lwe-bearing lunezinzuzo zobukhulu obuncane, isisindo esincane kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, futhi lufanelekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-miniaturization kanye nosayizi omncane.