Kungani imishini eminingi yezimayini ikhetha ama-ringing bearings esikhundleni sama-sliding bearings?

Njengengxenye ebalulekile futhi ebalulekile emikhiqizweni eyimishini, ama-bearings adlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni ama-shafts ajikelezayo. Ngokuya ngezindawo ezihlukene zokungqubuzana ku-akhiqizo, ukuthwala kuhlukaniswe i-rolling friction bear (okubizwa ngokuthi i-rolling bear) kanye ne-sliding friction bear (okubizwa ngokuthi i-sliding bear). Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-bearings zinezici zazo ezakhiweni, futhi ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi ekusebenzeni.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-rolling nama-plain bearings

1. Ukuqhathaniswa kwesakhiwo kanye nemodi yokunyakaza

Umehluko osobala kakhulu phakathi kwama-rolling bearings kanyeama-bearings alulaubukhona noma ukungabi bikho kwezinto eziginqikayo.

Ama-Rolling Bearings anezici ezigoqayo (amabhola, ama-cylindrical rollers, ama-tapered rollers, ama-need rollers) athembele ekujikelezeni kwawo ukuze asekele i-shaft ejikelezayo, ngakho-ke ingxenye yokuxhumana iyiphuzu, futhi izakhi ezigoqa kakhulu, amaphuzu amaningi okuxhumana.

Ama-Bearings angenaluthoazikho izinto ezigoqayo futhi zithembele ezindaweni ezibushelelezi ukusekela shaft ejikelezayo, ngakho-ke ingxenye yokuxhumana ingaphezulu.

 

Umehluko esakhiweni salokhu okubili unquma ukuthi imodi yokunyakaza ye-rolling bearing iyagoqa, futhi imodi yokunyakaza ye-sliding bear iyashelela, ngakho-ke isimo sokungqubuzana sihluke ngokuphelele.

 

2. Ukuqhathaniswa komthamo wokuthwala

Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokuthwala yebhering eshelelayo, umthamo wayo wokuthwala uvame ukuba phezulu kunalowo webhering eginqikayo, futhi ikhono lebheringi eliginqikayo lokuthwala umthwalo womthelela alikho phezulu, kodwa ibheriya egcwele uketshezi ngokuphelele ingathwala. umthwalo omthelela omkhulu ngenxa yendima yokumunca nokudlidliza ngenxa yefilimu yamafutha okugcoba. Uma isivinini sokuzungeza siphezulu, amandla amaphakathi wezinto eziginqikayo ku-rolling bearing anda, futhi umthamo wawo wokuthwala umthwalo uyancishiswa (umsindo ujwayele ukwenzeka ngesivinini esikhulu). Endabeni yama-dynamic plain bearings, umthamo wabo wokuthwala umthwalo ukhuphuka ngesivinini esiphezulu.

 

3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-friction coefficient kanye nokuqala ukumelana nokungqubuzana

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, i-coefficient ye-friction yama-rolling bearings iphansi kune-plain bearings, futhi inani lizinzile. Ukugcotshwa kwamabheringi ashelelayo kuthintwa kalula yizinto zangaphandle ezifana nesivinini nokudlidliza, futhi i-coefficient yokungqubuzana iyahlukahluka kakhulu.

 

Ekuqaleni, ukumelana kukhulu kunokwe-bearing eginqikayo ngenxa yokuthi i-sliding bear ayikakhi ifilimu kawoyela ezinzile, kodwa ukumelana nokushayisana kokuqala kanye ne-coefficient ye-friction esebenzayo ye-hydrostatic sliding bear yincane kakhulu.

 

4. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezivinini zokusebenza ezisebenzayo

Ngenxa yokunqunyelwa kwamandla we-centrifugal we-elementi eginqikayo kanye nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwebheringi, isivinini sokugingqa asikwazi ukuba phezulu kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile sifanele izimo zokusebenza zesivinini esimaphakathi nesiphansi. Ama-bearings agcotshiwe angaphelele ngenxa yokushisa nokugqoka kwe-bearing, isivinini sokusebenza akufanele sibe phezulu kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwejubane eliphezulu kwama-bearings agcotshwe ngokugcwele uketshezi kuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ama-hydrostatic plain bearings egcotshwa ngomoya, futhi isivinini sawo sokujikeleza singafinyelela ku-100,000 r/min.

 

5. Ukuqhathaniswa kokulahlekelwa amandla

Ngenxa ye-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana kwama-bearings agingqayo, ukulahleka kwawo kwamandla ngokuvamile akukukhulu, okungaphansi kwalokho kwamabheringi agcotshiweyo angaphelele, kodwa kuzokhula kakhulu uma kugcotshisiwe futhi kufakwe kahle. Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okungqubuzana kwamabheringi agcotshwe ngokuphelele uketshezi kuphansi, kodwa kumabheringi e-hydrostatic plain, ukulahleka kwamandla okuphelele kungase kube ngaphezulu kwalokho kwama-hydrostatic plain bearings ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amandla epompo kawoyela.

 

6. Ukuqhathanisa impilo yenkonzo

Ngenxa yethonya le-pitting yezinto ezibonakalayo nokukhathala, ama-ringing bearings ngokuvamile adizayinelwa iminyaka engu-5–10, noma ashintshwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kabusha. Amaphedi ama-bearings agcotshwe uketshezi angaphelele aguge kakhulu futhi adinga ukushintshwa njalo. Impilo yamabheringi agcotshiswe uketshezi ngokugcwele ngokombono ayinqunyelwe, kodwa ekusebenzeni ukuhluleka kokukhathala kwempahla ethwalayo kungenzeka ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwamabhayisikili, ikakhulukazi kumabheringi angenalutho aguquguqukayo.

 

7. Ukuqhathaniswa kokunemba kokujikeleza

Ama-ringling bearings ngokuvamile anokunemba okuphezulu kokujikeleza ngenxa yokucaciswa kwe-radial encane. I-liquid engaphelele ye-lubricated bearing isesimweni sokugcotshwa komngcele noma i-lubrication exutshwe, futhi ukusebenza akuzinzile, futhi ukugqokwa kubucayi, futhi ukunemba kuphansi. Ngenxa yobukhona befilimu kawoyela, i-cushions egcwele uketshezi-lubricated ngokugcwele futhi idonsa ukudlidliza ngokunemba okuphezulu. I-Hydrostatic plain bearings inokunemba okuphezulu kokujikeleza.

 

8. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinye izici

Ama-rolling bearings asebenzisa amafutha, amafutha noma i-lubricant eqinile, inani lincane kakhulu, inani likhulu ngesivinini esikhulu, ukuhlanzeka kwamafutha kuyadingeka ukuba kube phezulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi kuvalwe uphawu, kodwa ukuthwala kulula ukushintshwa. , futhi ngokuvamile ayidingi ukulungisa iphephabhuku. Ngama-bearings angenalutho, ngaphezu kwama-bearings angaphelele okugcoba uketshezi, okokugcoba kuvamise uketshezi noma igesi, inani likhulu kakhulu, izidingo zokuhlanzeka kwamafutha nazo ziphakeme kakhulu, amaphedi athwalayo adinga ukushintshwa njalo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iphephabhuku liyalungiswa. .

 

Ukukhetha ama-bearings aginqikayo kanye nama-plain bearings

Ngenxa yezimo zangempela zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlukahlukene, alikho izinga elihlanganisiwe lokukhethwa kwamabheringi aginqikayo namabheringi ashelelayo. Ngenxa ye-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana, ukumelana nokuqala okuncane, ukuzwela, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nokumiswa, ama-rolling bears banokushintshana okuhle kakhulu nokuguquguqukayo, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukugcoba nokugcina, futhi ngokuvamile anikezwa kuqala ekukhethweni, ngakho asetshenziswa kabanzi. emishinini jikelele. Amabhere angenalutho ngokwawo anezinzuzo ezithile ezihlukile, ezivame ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izikhathi lapho ama-rolling bearings engeke asetshenziswe, aphazamise noma angenazo izinzuzo, njengezikhathi ezilandelayo:

 

1. Usayizi wesikhala se-radial unomkhawulo, noma ukufakwa kufanele kuhlukaniswe

Ngenxa yendandatho yangaphakathi, indandatho yangaphandle, isici esigoqayo kanye nekheji esakhiweni, usayizi we-radial we-rolling bear mkhulu, futhi isicelo sinqunyelwe ngezinga elithile. Ama-roller enaliti ama-bearings ayatholakala uma ubukhulu be-radial buqinile, futhi uma kunesidingo, ama-bearings angenalutho ayadingeka. Ukuze izingxenye ezingalungile zibe nama-bearings, noma azikwazi ukukhwezwa ukusuka ohlangothini lwe-axial, noma lapho izingxenye kufanele zihlukaniswe zibe izingxenye, ama-bearing plain bearings asetshenziswa.

 

2. Izikhathi zokunemba okuphezulu

Uma i-bearing esetshenzisiwe inezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu, ukunamatheli okuslayidayo kuvame ukukhethwa, ngoba ifilimu likawoyela wokugcoba le-bhering eshelelayo lingabhafa ukumuncwa kokudlidliza, futhi uma ukunemba kuphezulu kakhulu, kungakhethwa kuphela i-hydrostatic sliding bear. Ukuze uthole ukunemba nokunemba okuphezulu kwemishini yokugaya, izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zokunemba, njll., ama-sliding bearings asetshenziswa kakhulu.

 

3. Izikhathi zomthwalo osindayo

Ama-rolling bearings, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-ball bearings noma ama-roller bearings, ajwayele ukushisa nokukhathala ezimweni ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, lapho umthwalo mkhulu, ama-sliding bearings asetshenziswa kakhulu, njengezigayo eziginqikayo, izinjini zesitimu, izesekeli zenjini ye-aero kanye nemishini yezimayini.

 

4. Ezinye izikhathi

Isibonelo, isivinini sokusebenza siphezulu kakhulu, ukushaqeka nokudlidliza kukhulu ngokungavamile, futhi isidingo sokusebenza emanzini noma kumidiya egqwalayo, njll., ama-sliding bearings nawo angakhethwa ngokunengqondo.

 

Ohlotsheni lwemishini nemishini, ukusetshenziswa kwama-bearings aginqikayo kanye nama-sliding bearings, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi, futhi kufanele kukhethwe ngokunengqondo ngokuhambisana nephrojekthi yangempela. Esikhathini esedlule, ama-crusher amakhulu naphakathi nendawo ngokuvamile ayesebenzisa ama-sliding bearings ane-babbitt, ngenxa yokuthi ayekwazi ukumelana nemithwalo emikhulu, futhi ayengagugi futhi azinzile. I-crusher yomhlathi omncane isetshenziswa kakhulu ngama-rolling bearings, enekhono eliphezulu lokudlulisela phambili, izwela kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyinakekela. Ngokuthuthuka kwezinga lobuchwepheshe lokukhiqiza ama-rolling bearing, iningi lama-breaker amakhulu emihlathi nawo asetshenziswa kuma-rolling bearings.