Kungani imishini eminingi yezimayini ikhetha ama-rolling bearings esikhundleni sama-sliding bearings?

Njengengxenye ebalulekile nebalulekile emikhiqizweni yemishini, ama-bearings adlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni imiphini ejikelezayo. Ngokwezakhiwo ezahlukene zokungqubuzana ku-bearings, i-bearings ihlukaniswe nge-rolling friction bearing (ebizwa ngokuthi i-rolling bearing) kanye ne-sliding friction bearing (ebizwa ngokuthi i-sliding bearing). Izinhlobo ezimbili zama-bearings zinezici zazo ngesakhiwo, futhi ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokungalungi kwayo ekusebenzeni.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-rolling nama-plain bearings

1. Ukuqhathaniswa kwesakhiwo kanye nemodi yokunyakaza

Umehluko osobala kakhulu phakathi kwama-rolling bearings kanyeamabheringi alulaukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwezinto ezigoqekayo.

Ama-rolling bearings anezinto ezigoqayo (amabhola, ama-cylindrical rollers, ama-tapered rollers, ama-needle rollers) athembele ekujikelezeni kwawo ukuze asekele umgodi ojikelezayo, ngakho-ke ingxenye yokuxhumana iyiphuzu, futhi uma izinto ezigoqayo ziningi, kulapho izindawo zokuxhumana eziningi khona.

Amabheringi alulaazinazo izinto ezigoqekayo futhi zithembele ezindaweni ezibushelelezi ukuze zisekele umgodi ojikelezayo, ngakho-ke ingxenye yokuxhumana iyindawo engaphezulu.

 

Umehluko ekwakhiweni kwalezi zinto ezimbili unquma ukuthi imodi yokunyakaza kwebhereyi eligoqayo iyagoqa, kanti imodi yokunyakaza kwebhereyi eligoqayo iyagoqa, ngakho-ke isimo sokungqubuzana sihluke ngokuphelele.

 

2. Ukuqhathaniswa komthamo wokuthwala

Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokuthwala yebhereyi elishelelayo, umthamo wayo wokuthwala ngokuvamile uphakeme kunowebhereyi eligoqayo, futhi ikhono lebhereyi eligoqayo lokuthwala umthwalo womthelela aliphezulu, kodwa ibhereyi eligcotshwe ngokuphelele ngoketshezi lingathwala umthwalo omkhulu womthelela ngenxa yendima yokunciphisa kanye nokumuncwa kokudlidliza ngenxa yefilimu kawoyela wokugcoba. Lapho ijubane lokujikeleza liphezulu, amandla e-centrifugal ezinto ezigoqayo kubhereyi eligoqayo ayanda, futhi umthamo wayo wokuthwala umthwalo uyancipha (umsindo uvame ukwenzeka ngesivinini esiphezulu). Endabeni yamabhereyi alula aguquguqukayo, umthamo wawo wokuthwala umthwalo uyanda ngesivinini esiphezulu.

 

3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-coefficient yokungqubuzana kanye nokumelana kokuqala kokungqubuzana

Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, i-friction coefficient yama-rolling bearings iphansi kuneye-plain bearings, futhi inani lizinzile kakhulu. Ukugcotshwa kwama-sliding bearings kuthinteka kalula yizici zangaphandle ezifana nesivinini nokudlidliza, futhi i-friction coefficient iyahlukahluka kakhulu.

 

Ekuqaleni, ukumelana kukhulu kunokwebhere eligoqekayo ngoba ibhere elishelelayo ayikakhi ifilimu kawoyela ezinzile, kodwa ukumelana kokuqala kokushelela kanye ne-coefficient yokusebenza kokushelela kwebhere elishelelayo le-hydrostatic kuncane kakhulu.

 

4. Ukuqhathaniswa kwesivinini sokusebenza esisebenzayo

Ngenxa yomkhawulo wamandla e-centrifugal ento egingqikayo kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwebhereyi, ijubane lebhereyi eligingqikayo alikwazi ukuba phezulu kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile lifanelekela izimo zokusebenza zesivinini esiphakathi nesiphansi. Amabhereyi angaphelele agcotshwe ngoketshezi ngenxa yokushisa nokuguguleka kwebhereyi, isivinini sokusebenza akufanele sibe phezulu kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwesivinini esiphezulu kwamabhereyi agcotshwe ngoketshezi ngokuphelele kuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho amabhereyi acacile e-hydrostatic egcotshwe ngomoya, futhi isivinini sawo sokujikeleza singafinyelela ku-100,000 r/min.

 

5. Ukuqhathaniswa kokulahlekelwa amandla

Ngenxa ye-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana kwama-rolling bearings, ukulahlekelwa kwawo kwamandla ngokuvamile akukukhulu, okungaphansi kwalokho kwama-liquid lubricated bearings angaphelele, kodwa kuzokhula kakhulu uma kugcotshwa futhi kufakwa kahle. Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okungqubuzana kwama-liquid-lubricated bearings agcwele uketshezi kuphansi, kodwa kuma-hydrostatic plain bearings, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okuphelele kungaba phezulu kunokwama-hydrostatic plain bearings ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamandla epompo kawoyela.

 

6. Ukuqhathaniswa kokuphila kwenkonzo

Ngenxa yethonya lokufakwa kwezinto kanye nokukhathala, ama-rolling bearings ngokuvamile aklanyelwe iminyaka emi-5 kuya kweyi-10, noma ashintshwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Ama-pad ama-bearings angaphelele agcotshwe ngoketshezi agugile kakhulu futhi adinga ukushintshwa njalo. Isikhathi sokuphila sama-bearings agcotshwe ngoketshezi ngokuphelele asinamkhawulo ngokwembono, kodwa empeleni ukwehluleka kokukhathala kwezinto ezithwalayo kungenzeka ngenxa yokujikeleza kokucindezeleka, ikakhulukazi kuma-bearings alula aguquguqukayo.

 

7. Ukuqhathanisa ukunemba kokujikeleza

Ama-rolling bearings ngokuvamile anokunemba okuphezulu kokujikeleza ngenxa yokukhanya okuncane kwe-radial. I-liquid lubricated bearings engaphelele isesimweni sokugcotshwa komngcele noma ukugcotshwa okuxubile, futhi ukusebenza akuzinzile, futhi ukuguguleka kubi kakhulu, futhi ukunemba kuphansi. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwefilimu kawoyela, ama-bearings agcotshwe ngokuphelele ngoketshezi ayabamba futhi amunce ukudlidliza ngokunemba okuphezulu. Ama-hydrostatic plain bearings anokunemba okuphezulu kokujikeleza.

 

8. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinye izici

Ama-rolling bearings asebenzisa uwoyela, amafutha noma i-solid lubricant, inani lincane kakhulu, inani likhulu ngesivinini esikhulu, ukuhlanzeka kwamafutha kuyadingeka ukuthi kube phezulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi kuvalwe, kodwa i-bearing kulula ukuyishintsha, futhi ngokuvamile ayidingi ukulungisa i-jenali. Kuma-bearings alula, ngaphezu kwama-bearings angaphelele oketshezi, i-lubricant ngokuvamile iwuketshezi noma igesi, inani likhulu kakhulu, izidingo zokuhlanzeka kwamafutha nazo ziphakeme kakhulu, ama-bearings pads adinga ukushintshwa njalo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-jenali iyalungiswa.

 

Ukukhethwa kwama-rolling bearings nama-plain bearings

Ngenxa yezimo zokusebenza zangempela eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlukahlukene, ayikho indinganiso ehlanganisiwe yokukhetha ama-rolling bearings nama-sliding bearings. Ngenxa ye-friction coefficient encane, ukumelana kokuqala okuncane, ukuzwela, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nokuma, ama-rolling bearings anokushintshana okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuguquguquka, futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa, ukuwagcoba nokunakekela, futhi ngokuvamile anikezwa kuqala ekukhetheni, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini evamile. Ama-plain bearings ngokwawo anezinzuzo ezithile ezihlukile, ezivame ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izikhathi lapho ama-rolling bearings engasetshenziswa khona, angasebenzi kahle noma angenazo izinzuzo, njengezikhathi ezilandelayo:

 

1. Usayizi wesikhala se-radial unqunyelwe, noma ukufakwa kumele kuhlukaniswe

Ngenxa yendandatho yangaphakathi, indandatho yangaphandle, into yokugoqa kanye nekheji esakhiweni, usayizi we-radial we-rolling bearing mkhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kunqunyelwe ngezinga elithile. Ama-needle roller bearing ayatholakala lapho ubukhulu be-radial buqinile, futhi uma kudingeka, kudingeka ama-plain bearing. Ezingxenyeni ezingelula ukuba nama-bearing, noma ezingenakukwazi ukufakwa kusuka ohlangothini lwe-axial, noma lapho izingxenye kufanele zihlukaniswe zibe izingxenye, kusetshenziswa ama-split plain bearing.

 

2. Imicimbi enembile kakhulu

Uma ibhereyi esetshenziswayo inezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu, ibhereyi eshelelayo ngokuvamile ikhethwa, ngoba ifilimu kawoyela wokugcoba webhereyi eshelelayo ingavimba ukumuncwa kokudlidliza, futhi uma ukunemba kuphezulu kakhulu, ibhereyi eshelelayo ye-hydrostatic kuphela engakhethwa. Emishinini yokugaya enembile nenembile kakhulu, amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okunemba, njll., kusetshenziswa kakhulu amabhereyi eshelelayo.

 

3. Izikhathi zomthwalo osindayo

Ama-rolling bearings, kungaba ama-ball bearings noma ama-roller bearings, athambekele ekushiseni nasekukhathaleni ezimweni ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, lapho umthwalo umkhulu, ama-sliding bearings asetshenziswa kakhulu, njenge-rolling mills, ama-steam turbines, izesekeli ze-aero engine kanye nemishini yezimayini.

 

4. Ezinye izikhathi

Isibonelo, isivinini sokusebenza siphezulu kakhulu, ukushaqeka nokudlidliza kukhulu kakhulu, futhi isidingo sokusebenza emanzini noma ezinto ezigqwalisayo, njll., ama-bearings ashelelayo nawo angakhethwa ngokufanele.

 

Kohlobo oluthile lwemishini nemishini, ukusetshenziswa kwama-rolling bearings nama-sliding bearings, ngalinye linezinzuzo nezinkinga zalo, futhi kufanele likhethwe ngokufanele lihlanganiswe nomsebenzi wangempela. Esikhathini esidlule, ama-crusher amakhulu naphakathi ayevame ukusebenzisa ama-sliding bearings afakwe i-babbitt, ngoba ayengamelana nemithwalo emikhulu yokuthinteka, futhi ayengagugi kakhulu futhi ezinzile. I-jaw crusher encane isetshenziswa kakhulu nama-rolling bearings, asebenza kahle kakhulu ekudluliseni, azwela kakhulu futhi kulula ukuwanakekela. Ngokuthuthuka kwezinga lobuchwepheshe lokukhiqizwa kwama-rolling bearings, iningi lama-jaw breakers amakhulu nawo asetshenziswa kuma-rolling bearings.